We have done some basic
coding here to make this version relatively easy to read on your browser.
Due to extreme shortage of volunteer workers,
we are not in a position to provide further assistance at the moment.
If you are willing to help to improve this commuinity-based free service,
please contact cnd-editor@cnd.org
We are currently looking for people who can write news summaries in English
and/or Chinese. If you are a perl or java programmer, we also have exciting
projects for you.
HelpDesk FAQ: How to Sub/Unsub CND and Access to CND.ORG (Date: 09-11-01)
This is an automatic transmission on 1st and 16th of each month.
CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND
For Chinese version, e-mail to hxwz-info @ cnd.org V9.00 03-31-2006
To read daily piblication Hua-Xia-Wen-Zhai Express and Friday issue of
HXWZ, please go to http://my.cnd.org (updated instantly) or
http://www.cnd.org (updated 5 times/day).
If you have questions regarding Hua-Xia-Lun-Tan (CND Forum), please
see following two links:
1. CND Forum Guidelines
http://my.cnd.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=689&forum=1
2. FAQ in Technical Services section
http://my.cnd.org/modules/xoopsfaq/index.php?cat_id=1
If you lost access to your ID, and after you have read above 1 and 2,
but still do not have access to your CND Forum ID, please register
a new ID and do follow CND Forum Guidelines. CND Forum is run by
volunteers, we do not have the manpower to handle ID restoration etc.
For article submission, please see HXWZ Submission Guidelines at
http://my.cnd.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=8748&forum=6
Please do NOT reply to this e-mail, the address shown in "From" field
is NOT manned. Please contact cnd-help @ cnd.org if you cannot find
answer to your questions from above.
----------------- (Old CND Help File for Reference Only) -----------------
(12-11-2002)
Please do NOT reply to this e-mail, the address shown in "From" field
is NOT manned. Please contact cnd-help @ cnd.org if you cannot find answer
to your questions from below.
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
A CND Reader's Help File
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
For Chinese version, e-mail to hxwz-info@cnd.org
Table of Contents # of Lines
0. Why and How Do You Receive This Automatic Reply Mail? ............... 22
1. Introduction to CND Services ........................................ 35
2. Please Read This If You Have Submitted or Want to Submit Artciles:
Tips on How to Make Your Contribution Appear in CND Publications .... 60
3. Subscription and Signoff Information and Instructions ............... 90
4. "I Was Deleted from CND Lists/I Haven't Received CND/My Addr Changed" 20
5. Basic Responsibilities of Readers (Sign On/Off, Redistribution etc.) 55
6. How to Retrieve Back Issues and Information from CND's Database
(Including Passport/Visa/Immigration/Tax/Legal/Jobs/Etc.) ........... 56
7. What Do You Need to Read CND Chinese Magazine Hua Xia Wen Zhai
How to Obtain HXWZ PS/PDF Version via FTP ........................... 38
8. FTP and WWW (World Wide Web) Services Provided by CND ............... 15
9. Some Special Notes for Network Users in CN Domain (Mainland China)
or Accessing to the Internet from Behind Firewall .(Need a Proxy?) .. 27
10. How to Get Further Help ............................................ 13
11. "Can I Use Content of CND/HXWZ/WWW.CND.ORG in My Own Works?" ....... 10
If you want to know more about CND or you are a disgruntled user of
CND Free Services, please see the attachment to this mail.
Attachment: Comprehensive Background Information on CND &
Frequently Asked Questions About CND ...................... 685
[ This file was originally written by: Yunfei ZHANG, Bo XIONG.
Last Update By: Bo XIONG <cnd-help@cnd.org> ]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
0. Why and How Do You Receive This Automatic Reply Mail? ............... 22
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is an automatic reply from cnd-info@cnd.org answering machine.
Your original mail is attached to the very end of this reply.
"Why and how did I receive this automatic reply?" The possible answers are:
Your mail or request(s) were deemed to be best answered and/or served by
this mail. (1) You send an e-mail to cnd-info@cnd.org, or (2) your mail to
a CND e-address or a CND individual was forwarded to cnd-info@cnd.org, or
(3) your mail was forwarded to cnd-info@cnd.org by someone else outside CND.
"What do I need to do with this mail?" Read it to find out answers to your
question(s) or how your mail(s) will be handled by CND, especially if you
would like to subscribe/unsubscribe to CND services: CND never adds
e-addresses to its mailing lists and it's reader's responsibility to sign
on or off. Please also note that there is a special section in this mail
for network users in CN domain (Mainland China).
Because of the volume of mail we deal with every day, and our limited
resources, our VOLUNTEERS may not be able to send you a more personalized
reply. Thank you for your understanding.
China News Digest
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Introduction to CND Services ........................................ 35
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Established on March 6, 1989, China News Digest (CND) is a non-profit
broadcasting service based on the global computer networks. All CND members
are volunteers. We strive to (1) timely disseminate information related to
China or other information considered to be of special interest to CND
readers, (2) serve the overseas Chinese community, and (3) promote Chinese
culture and Chinese computing. Subscription to CND services is free.
CND welcomes donations and sponsorship from individuals and corporates,
for details, please see FAQ in the attachment of this mail or contact
cnd-manager@cnd.org.
CND offers the following services:
(0) Web-based HXWZ Express, Hua Xia Lun Tan (CND Forum) where you can post
your own articles to thousands of CND readers! Go see http://www.cnd.org
for details and TRY IT! We publish daily and even hourly!
(1) Global edition (CND-Global) carries news of general interest,
It is also on http://www.cnd.org in discussion group format.
(3) Chinese language service carries selected Chinese articles. It is
published once a week. The Chinese name of the service is Hua2 Xia4
Wen2 Zhai1, its English name being CND Chinese Magazine (CND-CM).
(4) CND has also prepared many "packages" (A "package" is a collection of
files about a special topic, for users' easy retrieval). Most of them are
related to the common concerns of Chinese students and scholars in the U.S.
(Some of them may be of interest to people elsewhere as well). [For a
list of currently available packages, please refer to section "How to
Retrieve Back Issues and Information from CND's Database".] CND has a few
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) archival sites that enable instantaneous
electronic retrieval from our information database.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Please Read This If You Have Submitted or Want to Submit Artciles:
Tips on How to Make Your Contribution Appear in CND Publications .... 60
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CND lauched HXWZ Express, Hua Xia Lun Tan (CND Forum) where you can post
your own articles to thousands of CND readers! Go see http://www.cnd.org
for details and TRY IT!
If you have a piece of ARTICLE or COMMENT to submit, please send it to
the HXWZ@cnd.org in CHINESE coded file. The following addresses may be
used for the purposes specified:
cnd-ib@cnd.org (WWW related issues)
cnd-cm@cnd.org (CND Chinese Magazine Editors, HXWZ-related ONLY)
hxwz@cnd.org (HXWZ submissions, Chinese coded mails ONLY)
cnd-info@cnd.org (Help File, Sign On/Off, Tech Info etc.)
To have better chance for your contribution to be published in CND
publications, you can do the following:
0. It must be copyright-free. If it's a copyrighted material, you should
rewrite it into your own version of news/article or we won't publish
it in CND/HXWZ.
If we deem a submission to be commercial/profit-making nature, we may
delcine to publish it unless you become a sponsor of CND. For how
to become a sponsor of CND, please send an e-mail to banners@cnd.org
1. Make your contribution a NEWS ITEM or comment on articles published in
CND publications or on other widely concerned issues. CND does NOT
sponsor/lead/organize ANY activities and campaigns. If you have some
activity announcement, make it a NEWS and send ONE COPY to ONE of the
appropriate addresses listed above. Read CND FAQ in late part of this
mail to see what CND does and what CND doesn't do and why.
2. Read a few past issues of HXWZ (CND Chinese Magazine, to find out the
PATTERN, STYLE and FORMAT of the articles there, and prepare your
contribution accordingly.
3. Do NOT send English articles to HXWZ address and do NOT send Chinese
coded mails to non-HXWZ addresses. Mails sent to wrong addresses
will have much less chance to be processed properly.
4. Do NOT repeatedly send same article to many/different CND addresses,
Do NOT include CND addresses into your mailing/distribution lists,
Do NOT use invalid e-mail address to communicate with CND.
If your mail is sent to correct addresses following correct categories
listed above, it will be automatically considered for publication in CND by
the CND Editors. CND however reserves the right to edit or reject reader's
mails for publication. Editing on letters from readers will be for the
purpose of brevity and/or grammatical corrections only.
CND encourages contributors to use their real names and e-mail addresses
for fair discussion in the case of commenting on others, however, your
request for anonymity will be honored if so desired.
Due to the huge number of mails we handle daily, we will not inform you
further about whether or not your contribution will be carried in normal
situation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Subscription and Signoff Information and Instructions ............... 90
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Please be reminded that it is READER'S RESPONSIBILITY to SIGN ON
(subscribe to) and/or SIGN OFF (unsubscribe to) various CND mailing lists.
We did/do NOT add you to our mailing list, i.e., you have to subscribe
yourself or someone else had subscribed for your/under your e-mail address
(See later part of this message for details). CND's mailing list maintainers
can only provide limited help to readers due to our VOLUNTEERS' busy schedule.
To subscribe to or to signoff from any of the CND services, you may send the
specified command (see below) via email to the appropriate list server
address. Leave the subject line of the mail message empty; the command
should be on one line; do not write anything else in the message. Your
request will not be read; it will be processed by a programme.
Readers can subscribe to CND publications by sending an e-mail to
LISTSERV@LISTSERV.CND.ORG
(with the following command(s) in your mail body, that is, the first line
of your e-mail as shown below)
SUB HXWZ-GB Your-Firstname Lastname (HXWZ in Plain GB Format)
SUB HXWZ-HZ Your-Firstname Lastname (HXWZ in Hz Format)
SUB HXWZ-UUE Your-Firstname Lastname (HXWZ in Uuencoded GB Format)
SUB HXWZ-ZK-GB Your-Firstname Lastname (HXWZ ZK in Plain GB Format)
SUB HXWZ-ZK-HZ Your-Firstname Lastname (HXWZ ZK in Hz Format)
SUB HXWZ-ZK-UUE Your-Firstname Lastname (HXWZ ZK Uuencoded GB Format)
To unsubscribe to above lists, simply send an e-mail to
LISTSERV@LISTSERV.CND.ORG with the following command
(first line of e-mail body):
UNSUB Listname (List names are as listed above in SUB commands)
You can also subscribe to CND publications from other listserv's:
CND Chinese Magazine (CND-CM, Chinese name Hua Xia Wen Zhai),
The Chinese files are sent in Hz coded and uuencoded GB format.
[Please refer to section "What Do You Need to Read the CND
Chinese Magazine Hua Xia Wen Zhai" for more information.]
Package Format: uuencoded GB
Address: LISTSERV@LISTSERV.UGA.EDU
Command to subscribe: SUB CCMAN-L Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF CCMAN-L
Or, address: LISTSERV@LISTSERV.CND.ORG
Command to subscribe: SUB HXWZ-UUE Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF HXWZ-UUE
For uuencoded-GB HXWZ-ZK (Supplement Issues) only:
Command to subscribe: SUB HXWZ-ZK-UUE Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF HXWZ-ZK-UUE
For SIGNOFF Only (Please subscribe to other HXWZ lists):
Address: LISTSERV@LISTS.PSU.EDU
Command to signoff: SIGNOFF CMPSU-L
Package Format: HZ
Address: LISTSERV@LISTSERV.CND.ORG
Command to subscribe: SUB HXWZ-HZ Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF HXWZ-HZ
For HZ-coded HXWZ-ZK (Supplement Issues) only:
Command to subscribe: SUB HXWZ-ZK-HZ Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF HXWZ-ZK-HZ
Package Format: Plain GB
Address: LISTSERV@LISTSERV.CND.ORG
Command to subscribe: SUB HXWZ-GB Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF HXWZ-GB
For Plain GB-coded HXWZ-ZK (Supplement Issues) only:
Command to subscribe: SUB HXWZ-ZK-GB Firstname Lastname
Command to sign off: SIGNOFF HXWZ-ZK-GB
CND-CM/HXWZ also provide ftp site for PostScript files, please
read the current broadcast of CND-CM/HXWZ for the ftp sites or see
section "How to Retrieve Back Issues and Information from CND's Database"
in this message.
If your subscription commands are successful, you will receive some
messages from the listserv indicating the fact. One of the messages
will say that you have the option to "SET CONCEAL" your subscription.
_DON'T DO IT_! Setting your subscription as concealed causes problems
with our list maintaining software which may lead to your subscription
to be dropped from our lists at random times. Your privacy is well-preserved
since we do not allow the public to review our mailing lists.
If you follow the instructions above but can not subscribe/signoff
successfully, Please refer to section "How to Get Further Help".
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. "I Was Deleted from CND Lists/I Haven't Received CND/My Addr Changed" 20
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CND Chinese Magazine (Hua Xia Wen Zhai) is distributed via internet,
besides accessible at http://www.cnd.org web site, theremight have been
some problems in some major internet nodes/bitnet-internet gateways from
time to time, that's why some people have not received any of CND's
broadcast (every other day) or other CND branches' broadcasts (usually
once a week) since then (even though they can send mail to some other
places on the network).
It's too possible that your subscription got deleted by CND's automatic
mailing list maintenance program due to persisting network problem or
bounce-back from your gateway/machine, so you may want to re-subscribe
to CND. If you are manually or automatically forwarding CND packages to
someone else whose e-addr is invalid, your subscription might have got
deleted by our automatic mailing list maintenance program - the only fix
to this is that you correct your forwarding addresses and re-sub to CND.
If your e-mail address(es) changed, please sign off CND from your old
address(es) and re-subscribe to CND from your new addresses, per the
procedure described late in this help file.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. Basic Responsibilities of Readers (Sign On/Off, Redistribution etc.) 55
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CND runs some largest electronic mailing lists in the world, with more than
40,000 direct subscribers. We would very much appreciate it if you would
kindly help us minimize the burden in list maintenance and reduce e-mail
network traffic by paying attention to the following points:
(1) Cancel your subscriptions before your computer account expires
or before you leave the network for an extended period.
If you have failed to sign off by yourself, please do the following
before asking us for help:
a) Check if you have sent your sign off command(s) (see previous section
for details) to the LISTSERV/LISTPROC from which you receive CND. If
not, please examine the CND mail header carefully to find out from
WHICH CND list you receive it.
b) You might have subscribed to CND from your old/another account and/or
another machine/sub-domain, you must issue sign off command from that
account/machine.
c) You might have been receiving CND from some relay list(s) or someone has
been forwarding CND to you via automatic forwarding service, you need to
contact the manager(s) of the relay lists(s) or the forwarder to sign off
from there. Note CND has NO control of those relay list(s)/forwarder(s).
If, after going through the above, you still need to ask for help, please
enclose a copy of the CND package including FULL mail header (including
path, such as "Received from," "Message-ID" lines) in your message
and send it to CND-HELP@CND.ORG. This will provide KEY information to our
technical staff and give them the lead to solve the problem.
(2) Maintain enough disk space in your account. Many student accounts have
limited disk space. Please delete messages from CND after reading them
unless you find some issues particularly interesting and worth saving;
otherwise these messages will quickly use up your disk quota. If that
happens, it could result in you being removed from CND mailing lists (you
may resubscribe after cleaning up your account), or loss of important
messages from your friends.
(3) We welcome readers to redistribute CND, but please keep your
redistribution list in good shape. Many redistributed mails are bounced
back to us, which causes extra burden on CND staff and listowners and
eventually deletion of your redistribution list from CND list(s); it also
causes waste of network resources. It will be helpful if you could let us
(at CND-TECH@CND.ORG) know before setting up your redistribution list so we
could sort out technical details.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. How to Retrieve Back Issues and Information from CND's Database
(Including Passport/Visa/Immigration/Tax/Legal/Jobs/Etc.) ........... 56
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Obtaining Back Issues or CND InfoBase files via Anonymous FTP
Note: if you have difficulties to access to CND sites via anonymous ftp
from within mainland China, please read "Gopher and WWW (World Wide Web)
Services Provided by CND" in this help file.
You can alway obtain CND back issues and files in CND InfoBase from CND's
WWW servers, look carefully in the tables on the front page for the
information you need. Please see section "WWW (World Wide Web) Services
Provided by CND" in this file for details on how to access to CND's
WWW Servers.
CND back issues are also available for anonymous ftp at ftp.cnd.org (CND
publications dated back March 1989 are only available via ftp).
The following commands are used to connect you to ftp.cnd.org:
ftp ftp.cnd.org
login: anonymous
password: <your_email_address>
(After you successfully logged in)
cd ~ftp/pub (Then use ls command to find out sub directories/files).
After successfully login as anonymous ftp user, you may use "ls" command
to look at filenames in each directory/sub-directory in ~ftp/pub.
When retrieving binary files (such as *.gb , *.exe *.zip or *.Z) please
set ftp transfer mode binary by typing
bin
before using "get" or "mget" command. Failure to set "binary" will result
in corrupted binary files, such as unreadable HXWZ files.
You can find CND back issues in the following sub-directories under ~ftp/pub:
cnd-global, cnd-us, cnd-ep, cnd-canada, hxwz and cnd-china (CINET-L NL).
Most of the information regarding passport, visa, immigration, tax, legal
matters can be found in CND-US back issues and CND InfoBase.
CND InfoBase files are mainly in sub-directory InfoBase and there are
many other sub-directories under ~ftp/pub hosting publications/information
provided by others on the network.
CND's ftp sites also mirror many other ftp sites carrying various public
domain software, travel information, culture, graphics, music etc., you
may access them by means of ftp, gopher or www.
Note that some of the files at the anonymous ftp sites are compressed
(with filename extensions ".z" or ".Z"). On Unix machines, you may
uncompress them by "compress -d filename" or "uncompress filename."
Please consult your local system resources about how to use FTP from
your system.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. What Do You Need to Read CND Chinese Magazine Hua Xia Wen Zhai
How to Obtain HXWZ PS/PDF Version via FTP ........................... 38
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
You are encouraged to use http://www.cnd.org to read HXWZ, all major web
browsers in nowadays can easily handle Chinese coded www sites. CND's
web site is best viewed with Internet Explorer.
To read the CND Chinese Magazine (HXWZ) via e-mail, you need to have one
of the following:
(1) PC
(2) Macintosh
(3) X-Window system
(4) Atari system
(5) PostScript (laser) printer
You may obtain some programmes reading Chinese files via anonymous ftp
from CND ftp sites, see section "How to Retrieve Back Issues and Information
from CND's Database" of this message for more information.
The PDF version of each issue will be available via anonymous ftp from
ftp.cnd.org under /pub/hxwz/PDF-NEW,
Use the URL ftp://ftp.cnd.org/pub/hxwz/PDF-NEW/ for web access.
Please Note that if you use Acrobat Reader, version 3.0 is required!
The PostScript version of each issue will be available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.cnd.org [206.135.33.5] under /pub/hxwz/PS-NEW. The filename is:
HXWZ***.ps.Z.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
8. FTP and WWW (World Wide Web) Services Provided by CND ............... 15
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Currently CND provides gopher and http/www services on the following hosts:
Anonymous ftp: ftp.cnd.org
(Also see the section "How to Retrieve Back Issues and Information from
CND's Database" in this mail.)
http://www.cnd.orghttp://my.cnd.org
You can access most of the CND's ftp/InfoBase content via www,
with many more features including reading CND Packages/HXWZ/Chinese files
online, displaying graphic files/playing music stored in CND sites etc.
If you have any questions and/or suggestions, please send e-mail to
cnd-ib@cnd.org
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Some Special Notes for Network Users in CN Domain (Mainland China)
or Accessing to the Internet from Behind Firewall .(Need a Proxy?) .. 27
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have difficulties to access CND's WWW site from within CN domain
(Mainland China) or from behind firewall, please try some proxy servers
on the internet.
CND sets up many proxy servers, such as:
http://proxy.cnd.org (or http://CND-D.CND.ORG), at normal port 80.
http://proxy1.cnd.org:8000 (Port 8000)
http://proxy2.cnd.org:8000http://proxy3.cnd.org:8000http://proxyX.cnd.org:8000 X= 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
The IP addresses for many of the above are dynamic so we can't provide it.
More proxy servers for www and ftp can be found from an internet search
on http://yahoo.com or http://webcrawler.com
If your e-mail cannot reach CND, please try the following e-mail address
format: userid%cnd.org@gateway,addr, for example cnd-info%cnd.org@purdue.edu
(Here PURDUE.EDU is an examples of mail gateway.addr, there are thousands
of mail gateway addresses/domains on the internet).
You can also sign up some internet free e-mail services, such as www.usa.net,
www.hotmail.com, www.mailcity.com, yahoo.com, rocketmail.com etc., then send
mail/subscribe to CND from there (Use your web browser to access these
servers).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
10. How to Get Further Help ............................................ 13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
If you still have further questions after carefully reading this file and
following relevant instructions, we will be happy to help you, our time
permitting. Please direct your questions to:
cnd-help@cnd.org
Please understand that our VOLUNTEER helpers are extremely busy and
they might be unable to respond to you in a short time or write much
personalized replies to you. If you have receievd some standard replies
to some general questions, please carefully read them -- in most cases,
the answers to your questions can be found in those replies.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. "Can I Use Content of CND/HXWZ/WWW.CND.ORG in My Own Works?" ....... 10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
All CND publications are copyrighted. Archiving and redistribution are
hereby permitted provided that it is with proper acknowledgment to CND and
that CND publications are not used in part or in whole to generate any form
of revenue directly or indirectly. i.e., if you use it for your school
homework or your personal web site, it should be okay. If you use it in
your web site and place it together with some money-making links/icons,
it is not okay.
Due to our time limit and complicated copyright matter, we aplogize for not
being able to answer further questions on this issue.
Enjoy CND!
CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND<*>CND
Attachment:
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ C h i n a N e w s D i g e s t +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
(Global News, No. GL99-029)
Special Issue: China News Digest Celebrates Tenth Anniversary
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Saturday, March 6, 1999
============================================================================
CND is a community-based free news/info service provided by volunteers.
Views expressed are those of the contributor or the original author. Due
to lack of staff, facts are not verified and readers' discretion is advised.
All CND publications are copyrighted. Archiving and redistribution are
hereby permitted provided that it is with proper acknowledgment to CND and
that CND publications are not used in part or in whole to generate any form
of revenue directly or indirectly. See trailer of this package for more
information about CND and its services.
============================================================================
ISSN 1024-9117
Table of Contents # of Lines
============================================================================
1. Ten-Year Volunteer Operation to Disseminate News: "What's CND?"
-- from the Editor-in-Chief .......................................... 58
2. CND Tenth Anniversary Golf Shirt and Mouse Pad Made to Order ......... 50
3. Frequently Asked Questions About China News Digest .................. 212
4. Listing of 1998 CND Volunteers ....................................... 40
5. The Making of "China News Digest" ................................... 205
6. CND Readers Around the Globe ......................................... 42
For CND Golf Shirt, see http://www.cnd.org/shirt or e-mail cnd-shirt@cnd.org
============================================================================
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Ten-Year Volunteer Operation to Disseminate News: "What's CND?"
-- from the Editor-in-Chief .......................................... 58
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Written on March 6, 1998 by Bo XIONG, Updated on March 6, 1999 by Bo XIONG
Time flies! It was like yesterday when CND started sending China-related
news to our initial 400 readers over the Internet on March 6, 1989.
Although China News Digest has been around for 10 years on the Internet,
the question "What's CND?" is still emerging, explicitly and/or implicitly,
in letters from readers to CND everyday.
To me and volunteer workers of CND, the answer is short and clear: CND is a
volunteer news organization operating on the Internet to disseminate news
about China.
The world is no longer what it was, the Internet is no longer what it was
and the free services provided by CND are greatly expanded. The answer has
been unchanged since March 6, 1989 when CND was founded.
Beside many changes in CND's daily operation, we are unchanged in many
aspects: CND maintains its voluntary and non-profit nature of the
organization, continues to aim at providing news and other information
services to readers who are concerned primarily about China-related
affairs, remains independent and strives to be impartial on issues and
news it reports. For short, we stick to the very reasons for CND's
existence.
Continuous growth of readership (currently overall 180,000 worldwide) and
supports in various forms from readers, commitment and dedication by CND
volunteers and our unchanged mission are the keys to bring CND to what it
is today.
To maintain and improve our free services to readers, we still need
supports from readers beside the efforts by CND volunteers. Supports
from readers can come in many forms: making donations to CND, joining
CND's volunteer team work, etc. CND greatly appreciates the thousands of
readers and organizations that have made generous donations to CND since
March 6, 1989.
This year, we updated "Frequently Asked Questions About China News Digest"
for our 10th anniversary special issue. We hope our readers find more
answers to their questions, understand more about CND and provide
more help for us to serve the public better, after reading the new FAQ.
Finally, let me conclude with what my CND colleague Bing WEN wrote in
the 1996 CND Anniversary Issue: "Believe it or not, we are doing this out of
our own free will. While each of us in CND is different, we share the same
vision: a prosperous and democratic China, where access to information is
a right - not a privilege."
Thank you very much!
Bo XIONG
Editor-in-Chief
China News Digest
March 6, 1999
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. CND Tenth Anniversary Golf Shirt and Mouse Pad Made to Order ......... 50
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Source: http://www.cnd.org/shirt/ and cnd-shirt@cnd.org
As CND's Tenth Anniversary approaches, China News Digest offers CND Golf
Shirt/CND Mouse Pad to readers who donate US$50/$20 or more to support CND's
continuous operation as a not-for-profit organization.
The CND Golf Shirts are the first series of Golf Shirts to mark CND's Tenth
anniversary for those who donate US$50 or more. They are of limited edition,
superior quality, and highly collectible. The CND Mouse Pads are also highly
collectable item for these who donate US$20 or more, but less than US$50 (See
detailed description below.)
To order your CND Golf Shirt, please write the following information on a
piece of paper and send it to the address below, along with your US$50
donation check or money order, payable to CND/HXWZ.
1. Amount donated:
2. Shirt Size: (Available sizes are: M, L, XL, XXL)
3. Name:
4. Email:
5. Full Shipping Address: (Including street, city, state/province,
zip/postal code and country)
Send your order to:
CND/HXWZ
P.O. Box 7113
Buffalo Grove, IL 60089-7113
USA
The Golf Shirt will be mailed to you upon receipt of your order form and
donation. Please allow 3-4 weeks for delivery.
A description of CND Golf Shirt as a gift for donation of $50 or more:
Deluxe light grey Golf Shirt with collar and buttons; 100% cotton with three
woodtone buttons, short sleeve, one color silk screen on left crest (the CND
10th Anniversary logo will be printed on the left upper front, approximately
100 mm in diameter).
CND will send you a complimentary CND 10th Anniversary Mouse Pad instead (a
8 inches round, rubber base and hard top mouse pad with CND Logo imprinted
on it) if your donation is US$20 or more, but less than $50.
For more information and sample pictures of CND Golf Shirt and CND Pad,
please visit our web site http://www.cnd.org/shirt/ or send an e-mail to
cnd-shirt@cnd.org (Bo XIONG, Bing WEN, Wei LIN)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Frequently Asked Questions About China News Digest .................. 212
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
_From: Bing WEN, Fang WU, Wei LIN, 03/06/97
Supplemented and Updated by: Bo XIONG, 03/06/98
Updated by: Bo XIONG, 03/06/99
Source: CND Board of Directors <cnd-board@cnd.org>
The following commonly asked questions are answered in this FAQ:
[Q] Whose opinions do you represent and what purpose does CND serve?
[Q] What can I do if I feel that CND is biased in news reporting?
[Q] Do you take part in political activities?
[Q] What services does CND provide?
[Q] Who supports CND financially?
[Q] Is my donation to CND tax deductible in the U.S.?
[Q] What document do I need to claim "tax-deductible" donations?
[Q] How to make a donation and receive a CND gift?
[Q] Do you accept very small donations?
[Q] Does CND accept money from political organizations or governments?
[Q] Do you get paid at CND?
[Q] What attracts you to work for CND as volunteer?
[Q] Do you need more volunteers?
___ ___ ___
[Q] Whose opinions do you represent and what purpose does CND serve?
[A] CND volunteers are not here to represent all opinions or a specific
opinion. We are here to disseminate news about China.
Founded on March 6, 1989, CND is an independent news organization.
We present news and information when they are freely available, ready
to use by us and deemed of reference value to a portion of our readers.
Any views in any way expressed in news do not necessarily represent
CND's stand, nor necessarily represent opinions of the majority or
minority of our readership.
The purpose of our operation is very simple:
We strive to (1) timely disseminate news and information related to
China or other information considered to be of special interest to
CND readers, (2) serve the overseas Chinese community, and (3) promote
Chinese culture and Chinese computing.
[Q] What can I do if I feel that CND is biased in news reporting?
[A] You can do something very simple: make what you consider as unbiased
news freely available for CND to use.
i.e., you can do just like CND volunteers are doing everyday:
find the news you think as unbiased, transcribe it into e-mail format
and rewrite it into a copyright-free piece if it's copyrighted.
Then mail it to cnd-editor@cnd.org (hxwz@cnd.org if it's in Chinese
language) -- it's so simple. This is much more effective than
sending comments and complaints on a specific piece of news to CND.
Or better yet: you can join CND to improve our service (see later
portion of this FAQ for details).
Also, please remember that CND is here to serve as a news provider,
and sometimes as an alternative news source for those network users
who usually do not have many choices of news media coverages.
A side note is that "balance in news reporting" is usually realized
over a certain time period. One or two issues of publications
on certain topics would not best serve the basis for judgement.
If worst comes worst, you can always unsubscribe from CND and turn to
other widely available Internet news publishers, which are not run
by volunteers and operate out of Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong
and the rest of the world. To sign off CND, send an e-mail to
cnd-info@cnd.org
[Q] Do you take part in political activities?
[A] CND as a non-profit news organization does not conduct political
activities.
Established on March 6, 1989, CND reports all issues related to
China, political, economic or cultural, and does not take side on
those issues. CND does not prohibit its members from pursuing politics
and in fact many of them have their off-CND activities in a broad range
of political areas. However, we have strict rules to avoid conflict of
interests in CND news reporting so that unbiased news reporting can be
ensured.
[Q] What services does CND provide?
[A] Many, and all of them are free of charge.
CND currently provides the following services:
CND-Global: General news about China for global readership,
usually publishes three times a week.
Hua Xia Wen Zhai (CND Chinese Magazine): A weekly Chinese publication.
CND-US: News concerning Chinese community in the U.S., biweekly.
CND-Canada: News concerning Chinese community in Canada, biweekly.
CND-EP: News concerning Chinese community in Europe/Pacific, biweekly.
CINET NL: China's InterNET Technical Forum Newsletter, monthly.
CND Community Services on WWW: CND Publications
CND InfoBase Photo Archives, Libraries
Match Making "Cupid"
Bridge of Friendship
CSSA Directory
CSS Job Central
Alumni Associations
World Wide Web: http://www.cnd.org & http://ww2.cnd.org (mirror server)
http://proxy.cnd.org (proxy server)
http://proxy1.cnd.org:8000/ (proxy server at port 8000)
Anonymous ftp: ftp.cnd.org & canada.cnd.org (mirror server)
Gopher: gopher://cnd.org or gopher://cnd-b.cnd.org
For detailed information on the scope of the services, how to subscribe
to CND publications and how to access CND's www, ftp and gopher sites,
please send an e-mail to: CND-INFO@CND.ORG
[Q] Who supports CND financially?
[A] Mostly are readers like you.
You can support CND in many ways:
(1) Send a donation check to CND
(2) Click links on CND's WWW site to CND's corporate sponsors
(3) Find a corporate sponsor for CND
[Q] Is my donation to CND tax deductible in the U.S.?
[A] Yes, it is. Please refer to the determination letter
CND received from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service for
more information. <http://www.cnd.org/determination.html>
[Q] What document do I need to claim "tax-deductible" donations?
[A] If requested, CND will send you a copy of the Letter 947 which
is the same as the "determination" letter mentioned above. The
US IRS has confirmed that that letter should be sufficient for
you to make the claim.
[Q] How to make a donation and receive a CND gift?
[A] Make your check payable to CND/HXWZ and send it to:
CND/HXWZ
P.O.Box 10111
Gaithersburg, MD 20898-0111, U.S.A.
To make a contribution and receive a CND Golf Shirt and/or
CND Mouse Pad, please send an e-mail to cnd-shirt@cnd.org
or go to http://www.cnd.org/shirt/ for detail information.
[Q] Do you accept very small donations?
[A] Yes, we do. Every penny counts. However, it takes our time and cost
money to cash a cheque at the bank. We appreciate your generosity.
If you use CND services on a regular basis, we suggest you make a
donation of US$20 or more annually and send to the address listed
above.
Your donation will enable us to do regular maintenance/upgrade of the
CND servers and network connections and hence keep the free services
going.
[Q] Does CND accept money from political organizations or governments?
[A] CND is a community-based free service. We welcome donations and
support from all sources. But we do not accept unreasonable strings
attached. For example, we have received donations from a few sources
for the "Virtual Museum of Cultural Revolution" project in the past
few years. The only condition attached to the contributions, which
we accepted, is that the money must be used on Cultural Revolution-
related projects, such as obtaining, inputting, and maintaining the
historical documents, articles, and photos for the electronic archive
on our website. We would have refused the money if the donor had
requested, for example, that we must include or exclude certain material
for our collection. We would also refuse any money if the donor
requested any favorable news coverage for any particular political
organizations or governments.
[Q] Do you get paid at CND?
[A] No, all volunteers don't.
CND publishes five weekly English newsletters and one comprehensive
Chinese magazine serving an estimated readership of 180,000 across
five continents. In addition, we have several Sun workstations
running 24 hour per day, 7 days a week supporting CND's website and
anonymous FTP service.
An active CND volunteer spends on average 20 hours a week to keep
these services running. We currently have about 20 most dedicated CND
members who login to CND servers daily to perform various duties.
We also have a volunteer news writing team supporting CND-Global.
Because of these people's generous efforts, CND's free services have
been available to the readers around the globe since March 6, 1989.
Our volunteers' time, efforts, and dedication are priceless.
The donations CND receives are used for purchasing, maintaining, and
upgrading CND machines, as well as purchasing and processing
documents/materials for our news service, Chinese magazine, and
the InfoBase projects such as June 4th Archive, Virtual Museum
of the Cultural Revolution, and Sino-Japanese War InfoBase.
Starting January 1, 1999, CND uses part of the WWW advertising
revenue to hire external contractors/consultants to perform some
routine work at reasonably low rate. The use of external hands
frees up CND voluteers from tedious routine work and allow them to
spend more time on improving CND services in various areas.
[Q] What attracts you to work for CND as volunteers?
[A] Not the money - that's for sure, since there's none for volunteers.
People join CND to volunteer for various reasons. CND, as a
volunteer-based organization, never questions a volunteer's motive
to help, nor conducts any background checking for volunteers. All
CND expects from the person offering help is accountability of
his/her time. CND volunteers are either established professionals in
their own careers or students working on their graduate degrees.
[Q] Do you need more volunteers?
[A] Yes, we do. Volunteering is another form of donation. Currently,
we are in urgent need of people who are able and willing to take some
time to read a couple of news feeds each week and write news summaries
for our various CND English newsletters. We are also in need of
Chinese typists who can help to type in articles for the CND Chinese
Magazine. Please contact cnd-cord@cnd.org for more information.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4. Listing of 1998 CND Volunteers ....................................... 40
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
_From: Bo XIONG
Source: CND, 03/06/1999
CND had about 64 volunteers in 1998 from Australia, United Kingdom, Finland,
Japan, Hong Kong, Mainland China, Canada and U.S.A. It is a friendly and
cooperative team that works very hard to deliver news and other services
to readers on a daily basis. We welcome more of our readers who can make
serious long-term commitment for volunteer work with us.
It is impossible for us to list everyone who have worked in CND in past
ten years. However, when you read through CND/HXWZ back issues and access
files in CND's WWW, FTP and GOPHER sites, you can find several hundred
names of those who have worked as editors, writers, reporters, technical
staff, web masters and other helpers in CND since March, 6, 1989.
Listing of 1998 CND Voluteers:
------------------------------
BAO Ruixian CHEN Jian DING Yungui Fabian Fang
GUAN Weihe HUA Xinmin LI Jianmin LI Tongbin
LIN Wei LIU Dong LIU Jian LIU Weijun
Ray Zhang WANG Chaohua WEN Bing WU Fang
WU Xueyi XIONG Bo XU Mingyang YU Zijian
ZHANG Ronggang ZHENG Liedong ZHOU Haosheng
Andrew Marble BU Qiujing CHEN Hailin CHEN Xiaofen
Cindy Wang CONG Xioaping CUI Ying Ding Ding
GAO Hualin Jenny Huang LI Shangjing LI Xiaolin
LIN Zhanglin Linda Wu LIU Yanping LUO Zhenyuan
KE Xiayi MA Sifeng MING Reiguang Monica Wang
Peter Li Peter Neville-Hadley Phil Stephens Sam Huntings
Sherman Teng SHEN Shiji Sue Bruell TANG Jijun
Terry Thompson WANG Damin WANG Yan WU Feng
XIAO Yi XU Jingdong YANG Jianhua YANG Shanlin
ZHANG Kewen ZHANG Ming ZENG Min ZHOU Zhenbing
ZHU Junhua
Note: Some of those in the lists voluteered their time for part of the 1998.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
5. The Making of "China News Digest" ................................... 205
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Originally by: Bo XIONG and Gang XU, 02/1991
Updated by: Yagui WEI, 3/6/1991; Deming TANG, 3/6/1992; Wei LIN, 3/6/1993;
Mingyang XU, 3/6/1994; Fang WU, 3/6/1995; Bing WEN, 3/6/1996;
Bo XIONG, 3/6/1997; Bo XIONG, 3/6/1998; BO XIONG, 3/6/99
China News Digest was born out of the ever-increasing need for information
exchange on the network among Chinese students and scholars.
On March 4, 1989, two Chinese students in Canada, Luping LIANG and Roupeng
ZHU proposed a plan for a communication network for Chinese students in
Canada and asked two Chinese students, Bo XIONG and Ziye ZHOU in the United
States, for help. This cross-border arrangement was intended to evade the
pressures from the Chinese Consulates in Canada, which had a higher degree
of control on Chinese students than their U.S. counterparts.
After less than two days of preparations, the first CND package was
broadcasted on March 6, 1989 to about 400 readers in Canada. The package
was first written by Bo XIONG, edited by Roupeng ZHU and distributed by Ziye
ZHOU. The initial distribution list was provided by Luping LIANG.
At the beginning, CND was broadcasted two or three times a week. By April
1989, it became a daily service. As the unforgettable events in China began
to unfold, the list of CND readers began to expand rapidly and the service
was eventually expanded to the United States and the rest of the world.
In the meantime, new volunteers began to join in. In June 1989, the group
had five members, broadcasting from two personal accounts, one to Canada,
one to the U.S. and other countries. There were about 1,000 readers at the
time. The group called itself News Digest (ND), with Gang XU as the first
manager. From then on, CND has held all-member elections annually, with
Yagui WEI, Deming TANG, Wei LIN, Mingyang XU, Fang WU, and Bing WEN
elected as managers, each for a one year term. Since January 1996, CND has
held election of board of directors every two years and the board appoints
the manager. Bing WEN also became the first appointed manager after CND
board was elected. The current CND Manager is Bo XIONG, who was initially
appointed in January 1997 and then appointed by the board for a second term
in February 1998. CND Manager is in charge of the daily operations and acts
as the editor-in-chief for all CND publications.
The readership of CND kept growing in the Summer of 1989, with two big
additions during this period:
1) The Electronic Newsletter for Chinese Students (ENCS) was closing due
to the shortage of manpower. The head of ENCS contacted ND staff members
during the IFCSS Chicago conference and expressed willingness to hand over
its reader list to ND so that the news service could be continued for the
ENCS readers. The merger of the lists was completed by the end of August,
1989;
2) Minghui YAO and Yaxiong LIN set up a listserver account at Arizona State
University and started their own news service to students in the United
States. They later joined the ND group and hence greatly improved ND's
broadcasting power.
In September, 1989, the group was renamed as China News Digest (CND), and
was serving about 4,000 readers, mainly in the U.S. and Canada, through
two listserv accounts at Arizona State University and Kent State University,
and a mailing list at University of Toronto in Canada.
It was also decided that regional services, CND-US and CND-Canada, would be
opened to provide readers with more local news. By the end of September,
1989 CND had about ten working staff volunteers.
In addition to providing China-related news, CND has been making extensive
reports on student activities on campuses in the U.S., Canada, Japan and
Australia. CND also established several special columns to meet special
needs of its readers. The first one, Organization Introduction was opened
in the winter of 1989. More columns and services were added later, such as
Books and Journals Review, Q & A, Market Watch and Sports Highlights columns.
CND also pays special attention to issues concerning CSS and gathers
information to make special news broadcasts for readers' reference, such as
the Olympic Games, and the Most Favored Nation trade status between the U.S.
and China, and issues of concern with regard to the Permanent Resident Status
for CSS overseas. Special packages on these and other special topics have
been archived for easy retrieval by CND readers.
On March 18, 1990, CND further expanded its service to areas outside of
North America by establishing its Europe/Pacific section -- CND-EP.
A major project was successfully launched on April 5, 1991. With
increasing readership, CND began to distribute its first issue of Chinese
Magazine named Hua Xia Wen Zhai. This weekly digest has quickly attracted
many CND readers and by the beginning of 1992, its readership reached more
than 4,000 (direct subscribers). Currently Hua Xia Wen Zhai has over 15,000
direct subscriptions via e-mail. In addition, every week, there are about
9,000 netters retrieving the magazine's PostScript and PDF files and printing
them on laser printers. There are also about 14,000 retrievals of the
magazine's GB-code file for each issue from CND's ftp server. Many other
readers access it via USENET newsgroups. With weekly Hua Xia Wen Zhai homepage
visits being about 126,000, the number of visits to individual issue pages is
about five times more.
The highlight of the year in 1993 was the generous donation from our readers
which enabled the acquisition of our own machine, cnd.org, with her own
Internet connections and the subsequent service to the CND readers. CND is
delighted to see that the machine is heavily accessed by our readers. Every
week, the two CND ftp servers send out more than 38,600 documents by request
from readers all over the world, with an average traffic rate of 7.2
Gigabytes per week.
In February 1993, a new working group within CND was formed. The objectives
of this new group, named CND-IB for "InfoBase," are to develop and maintain
an electronic information base for public access through the international
network. The information base would include information that is related to
China and/or Chinese and has historical and/or long-term service values to
the public. The group has already collected a large amount of information
for public access via the cnd.org machine. The CND InfoBase group is
continually expanding the database. Reader contributions are welcome and
can be submitted to cnd-ib@cnd.org.
To help facilitate more communications between the Internet community with
China, CND sponsored the China InterNET Letter (CINET-L) in August 1993, a
newsletter that serves as a forum for computer professionals in China to
exchange computer/technical information with the rest of the world. Since
May 1994, China has established direct Internet connections, while CINET-L
remains a useful resource to Internet users in Mainland China.
In January 1994, CND decided to establish another Internet site of its own
to ensure continuity in service. On June 4, 1994, CND opened its World Wide
Web server http://www.cnd.org/ to the public. Three years ago, the CND WWW
server was receiving 7,000 hits per day. It hosts all the CND publications
and the CND InfoBase material, and points to many other China-related sites.
CND also maintains a mirror ftp/www site at canada.cnd.org to provide faster
access for readers in Canada.
Special homepages have been added during the years to the CND web site. They
include: Land of Beauty -- China Scenery Pictures, Chinese Classics, Chinese
Calendars, Job Bulletin for CSS, Directory of Chinese Students/Professionals
Organizations, June 4th Victims Memorial, Virtual Cultural Revolution
Museum, Nanjing Massacre Victims Memorial and a newly added matchmaking
service. Meanwhile the hit rate to the CND site has increased dramatically
as the web itself becomes the main Internet communication channel.
In 1998, the main CND web server is receiving approximately 4 million hits
per week (with 30% being auxiliary graphics files), and sending out over 70
Gigabytes of information per week. The CND top homepage alone receives about
30,000 visits a day, while the Hua Xia Wen Zhai sub-homepage (in various
Chinese coding schemes) is visited by an average of 25,000 times a day. Other
popular pages are the aforementioned special homepages and the new issues of
all CND publications.
In November 1994, in order to voluntarily comply with the copyright law and
to reduce the EEs' heavy workload, a new working group, news-writer, was
established. This group consists of volunteers who are not current CND
staff members but are willing to contribute their time and skills to CND
English services. The main task of this group is to rewrite news-brief
items or to compile and rewrite full-item news based on the original news
sources for CND posting. Thanks to the hard working rewriters, this group
now has become a crucial sector of CND to ensure its smooth operation.
On February 13, 1995, as approved by the Maryland State Department of
Assessments and Taxation, CND was officially registered as a non-profit
organization with headquarters in the State of Maryland, U.S.A. The
registered name of CND is China News Digest International, Inc. On May 9,
1996, CND obtained its tax exemption status as approved by the US Internal
Revenue Service (IRS) under section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code as
an organization described in section 501(c)(3) (For details, please see
http://www.cnd.org/whatiscnd.html ). CND will continue its traditions of
being globally-oriented and providing quality service free of charge to its
readers.
While CND's total direct subscriptions have numbered more than 47,000 in
about a dozen mailing lists in the past few years, we serve tens, if not
hundreds, of thousands more readers via the CND www/ftp/gopher servers,
and about one hundred redistribution lists managed by others. The number
of CND active volunteers stays at around 60 people, about 40% of them are
"core members" who commit more time to do CND work daily for prolonged
periods. Each volunteer may be involved with news collection, writing,
editing, proofreading, coordinating, technical support to editing groups and
to readers, etc. CND volunteers are mostly overseas Chinese students and
scholars. They are full-time students, professors, researchers or other
professionals. Many of them are in the U.S. and Canada, some in Europe,
Australia, Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan. Since 1996, CND has also
several volunteers in Mainland China who continued to work in CND while
they lived there for almost entire year as students. They work cooperatively
through the computer network. As the years pass by, groups of CND members
have held joyful mini-gatherings whenever they have the chance. Still many of
them have never met their colleagues in person.
During the year 1997, CND continued and completed its transformation from
a loose volunteer's group into a non-profit organization with much more
stable membership, while all the members remain volunteers. As time goes
by, the composition of CND core membership has greatly changed over the nine
years.
In March 1989, all members were students. In late 1989, there were fewer
than 3 professionals in the membership. Today, there are fewer than 3
current students in the core membership. Several CND veterans have been
working for CND for over 9 years, many members of the core group have been
volunteering their time in CND for more than 7 years. While having
contributed several hours per day to readers, they walked all the way through
schools and moved into professional lives.
In 1998, CND established several proxy servers, added and upgraded www
servers and set up new listserv lists to better serve our readers.
Several new services, such as "Match Making 'Cupid'" and "Bridge of
Friendship," were added to http://www.cnd.org site. Our corporate
sponsorship program and grants CND received have been providing supports
to extra internet connections for CND WWW sites.
As the making of history progresses in China, the making of CND also
continues.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
6. CND Readers Around the Globe ......................................... 42
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
_From: Wei LIN Source: CND, 3/6/98; updated 3/6/99
CND Readers reside in more than 111 regions/countries in Africa, Asia,
Oceania, Europe, North America and South America. They are:
Argentina, Armenia(*), Australia, Austria, Azerbaidjan(*), the Bahamas(*),
Bahrain(*), Belize(*), Belgium, Bermuda(*), Botswana, Bosnia-Herzegovina(*),
Brazil, Brunei(*), Bulgaria(*), Cambodia(*), Canada, Chile, China(Mainland),
Christmas Island, Colombia, Costa Rica(*), Croatia, Cyprus(*), Czech
Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic(*), Ecuador(*), Egypt, Estonia, Fiji,
Finland, France, Georgia(*), Germany, Gibraltar(*), Great Britain, Greece,
Guam, Guatemala(*), Guyana(*), Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan(*), Kazakhstan(*), Kenya(*), South
Korea, Kuwait(*), Latvia(*), Lebanon(*), Lithuania, Luxembourg(*), Macau,
Macedonia(*), Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius(*), Mexico, Moldavia(*), Monaco(*),
Nepal(*), the Netherlands, New Zealand, Niger(*), Nigeria(*), Norway,
Oman(*), Pakistan, Panama(*), Paraguay(*), Peru(*), the Philippines, Poland,
Polynesia-French(*), Portugal, Puerto Rico(*), Qatar(*), Romania, Russia,
Saudi-Arabia, Singapore, Slovak Republic, Slovenia(*), South Africa, Spain,
Sri Lanka(*), Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Togo(*), Tonga(*),
Trinidad and Tobago(*), Turkey, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA,
other former USSR countries, Venezuela(*), Virgin Islands-US(*),Yemen, other
former Yugoslavia countries(*), Zambia, and some other undetermined regions.
(* indicates that the region has web/ftp readers but no subscription to our
e-mail lists.)
The majority of the readers are in the USA, Canada, Western Europe, Japan,
Mainland China and Australia. Many of the countries/regions listed above are
only represented by a few subscribers in our mailing lists.
Most of our readers are Chinese students and scholars, but overseas Chinese,
concerned friends from various countries, and many China-study scholars and
students are also amongst our readers. We estimate that the total number of
CND readers is around 180,000, however the exact figure is unknown, as more
and more readers read CND publications via www and print-out copies rather
than from our mailing lists. There are also miscellaneous channels such as
redistribution lists, newsgroups and other bulletin boards, as well as ftp
and gopher servers.
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Executive Editor of This Issue: Bo XIONG |
| CND-Global Coordinators: Ray ZHANG, Jian-Min LI (AU) |
| CND-Global Source Team: Liedong ZHENG (UK), YIN De An, |
| Charles MOK (HK) |
| CND Writer Coordinator: Weijun LIU, Fabian FANG |
| CND Writer Team: Dan Wu, Xiayi KE (UK), Weijun LIU, Ray ZHANG, |
| Kewen ZHANG, Bo XIONG, Lisa BU, Yan WANG, Weihe GUAN, Fabian FANG,|
| Dong LIU (CA), Bing WEN (CA), Sue Bruell, ZHAO Hua, Xiaolin LI, |
| Yungui DING, Monica WANG, Zhenyuan LUO, Junhua ZHU, Yanping LIU |
| Shiji SHEN, Peter LI, Ying CUI, Jim YU, Jenny HUANG, Linda WU, |
| Phil STEPHENS, Jim YANG (AU) |
| Proofreader of this issue: Fabian FANG |
| CND Mailing Lists Maintainer: Ray ZHANG |
| CND Reader Technical Consultant: Ron ZHANG |
| CND Editor-in-Chief: Bo XIONG |
| Team members are in the U.S.A. unless indicated otherwise: |
| AU - Australia, CA - Canada, UK - United Kingdom, HK - Hong Kong |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| China News Digest (CND) offers the following services: |
| (1) Global News (Every Other Day) (2) US Regional News |
| (3) Canada Regional News (4) Europe & Pacific Regional News |
| (5) HXWZ (Weekly Chinese Magazine) (6) InfoBase |
| CND back issues, database and related information are available via: |
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